René Descartes, often referred to as the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', made significant contributions that shaped the landscape of philosophical thought. His famous declaration, "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am), underscores the importance of cogitation in human existence.
Descartes believed in a clear distinction between mind and body, leading to his famous dualism theory. This philosophy opened up new pathways in epistemology, psychology, and even neuroscience, inviting us to explore the nature of existence and consciousness itself.