The Theory of Relativity, developed by Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, revolutionized the field of physics. It fundamentally changed our understanding of space, time, and energy. Here, we will explore its two main components: Special Relativity and General Relativity.
Special Relativity, proposed in 1905, focuses on the physics of objects moving at constant speeds, particularly those moving close to the speed of light. It introduces the famous equation:
E = mc2
General Relativity, introduced in 1915, extends the principles of Special Relativity to include acceleration and gravity. It describes gravity not as a force, but as a curvature of spacetime caused by mass.