What is Utilitarianism?
Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that posits that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, generally defined as that which produces the greatest well-being of the greatest number of people. 😃
The foremost proponents of utilitarianism were Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.
Core Principles
- The principle of utility: Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness.
- Consequentialism: The moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome.
- Hedonism: Pleasure or happiness is the only intrinsic good.
- Impartiality: Each person's happiness counts equally.
Criticisms and Rebuttals
Critics often argue that utilitarianism fails to account for justice or individual rights. Nevertheless, utilitarian philosophers argue that a focus on outcomes naturally incorporates broader considerations of fairness and justice.