DNA Basics

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is responsible for the uniqueness of all living things on Earth. DNA is a long chain of nucleotides, consisting of four types: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).

The Structure of DNA

DNA is known for its double helix structure, which resembles a twisted ladder. This structure enables it to efficiently store and transmit genetic information. The sides of the ladder are composed of sugar and phosphate molecules, while the rungs consist of the nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, and G).

Functions of DNA

DNA is crucial for essential life processes such as:

Replication – allowing organisms to reproduce and pass on genetic information.
Protein Synthesis – coding for the production of proteins that carry out various functions in the body.
Genetic Coding – determining individual traits and characteristics.

Learn More

To explore more about genetics and DNA, visit our Genetics Section or dive into all our tutorials.