What are Mutations?
A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens (chemicals, radiation), or viral infections. They are a driving force of evolution, providing the diversity on which natural selection acts.
Different Types of Mutations
- Point Mutations: Changes in a single nucleotide pair, which can impact a single protein-coding gene.
- Insertions and Deletions: Addition or subtraction of one or more nucleotide pairs in the DNA sequence which can shift the reading frame.
- Chromosomal Mutations: Large sections of chromosomes may be rearranged, lost, or duplicated, affecting many genes at once.
Impact of Mutations
While many mutations are neutral, some can have significant effects on organisms, potentially causing genetic disorders or offering new insights into evolutionary biology.
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