René Descartes, often referred to as the father of modern philosophy, made significant contributions to mathematics and science. His famous declaration, "Cogito, ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am"), reshaped philosophical thought by emphasizing reason as the primary source of knowledge.
Descartes laid the groundwork for the Cartesian coordinate system, which became the foundation for analytical geometry and revolutionized mathematics by providing the means to describe geometric shapes algebraically.